Why Germany Lost World War II ?
Why Germany Lost World War II ?
To answer
this question you should know who contributed to it. There is two major factors contributed to the
frustration of German leaders during WWII:
- The
Great military mistakes and the Lack of logistics supplies.
1- The Lack of logistics supplies :
By the
time the full military productivity of the United States industrial might was
at 110%, late 1943 or so, the German military fate was sealed. The German
military was fighting against fresh, well fed, well supplied troops with odds
of ten to one or better against them. In addition to well fed troops, the
Americans and their allies had complete tactical air superiority over the
front.
While the
Germans had only partial battalions, little functional armor, poorly trained,
poorly fed, poorly armed troops with essentially no tactical air support and
they could only move at night. And yet they were expected to not only defend
Germany from invasion but throw the Allies back in the sea. Therein lay the
total and complete frustration of the German commanders as they watched the
Allies advancing.
The movie
is “A Bridge too Far” - it’s subject was Operation Market Garden. It has a
scene where a German General, I believe it was General Bittrich, exclaims as he
watches several thousand aircraft filled with paratroopers darkening the sky
over his head says in frustrated awe “If I could have such power for even just
a day, a single day!” - It also spoke volumes about the dismal condition of the
German forces arrayed against the allies.
Another
reference to the German plight is also noted in another movie. A fictional
German tank commander character in an old movie, “Battle of the Bulge”
complains about how the allies have the men, ships, and planes available to
ship cake to a man on the front lines while they struggle just to get fuel for
their tanks. It seems to highlight what was very likely a very frustrating issue
for German commanders, the continuous struggle to get enough supplies to fight
an enemy that was very well supplied.
and this
does not even address the Russian war machine coming from the East. It was
hopeless yet they fought on and tried to obey orders - stupid and pointless
orders, but orders which in a very real sense they were trained from birth to
obey automatically and without question. Even the most brilliant plans had
little chance against a thousand airplanes bombing you day and night every time
you took a single step and with near complete impunity .
If they
were offended it would have been because the Americans considered their
victories a result of great strategy and tactical skill "some of that is
true" but much of the American
success was due to their absolutely overwhelming power.
No matter
how skillfully a German commander might plan his defense of a position, or
however clumsy the Americans might have been, when someone drops a thousand
tons of bombs on your head, tactical skill is almost meaningless. For example,
Hitler’s stupid effort to take Antwerp in December 1944, the so called “Battle
of the Bulge”, failed in large part due to the raw power of the Allies.
The
Germans were finally defeated during this offensive from lack of fuel and air
cover. The entire assault depended on bad weather keeping allied airplanes out
of the sky. Once the weather cleared and the P-47’s took to the air, the
Germans were doomed. And there was also the fuel problem. One of the Panzer’s
objectives was to capture fuel depots since their support groups could not
supply enough to keep the big tanks moving.
That is
truly desperate and of course it failed. As long as they had fuel and could
maneuver without fear of attack from the air, they were running wild. Granted,
many factors went in to their ultimate defeat such as Patton's brilliant
response with 3rd Army and the 101st Airborne’ s stubborn defense of Bastogne,
but it was air power and lack of fuel that ultimately destroyed the German
attack.
2- The Great military mistakes :
There are many paths to go down answering this question, but without
major changes to the overall vision and theatre strategies Hitler had, here are
the bigger ones:
Having (or creating) no plan re Britain after the amazing execution of
the Manstein plan and early conquering of France. Hitler didn’t want to fight
England and his uncharacteristic indecisiveness (Churchill was stronger than
Hitler thought, and IMO the most important allied person of WWII) cost Germany
a lot.
He should have of course driven the army to pressure and eventually
capture Dunkirk weeks earlier instead of feeding Goering’s ego, which would
have stopped most of England’s best troops from escaping. Then, he immediately
should have gone full bore after England with the intent of invading (not easy,
but plausible), or not engage in an air superiority war over enemy territory
and not have the army doing virtually nothing for many months (probably the
better choice). The direct cost and the opportunity cost here was high.
Invade the USSR six weeks earlier. being a contributing factor, the
delay of operation Barbarossa by six weeks may have saved the USSR from
ultimate defeat, but certainly saved it from far more losses in terms of men,
material and territory.
There are several ways this could have been handled better that would
have given the Germans weeks more good weather before the rains stalled the
advance.
lf they had attacked six weeks earlier, and If Moscow had fallen, the
USSR may not have been able to effectively wage war since the north south rail
hub in Moscow was critically important.
Not taking out Malta early in the African campaign. Rommel lost
primarily due to him being resource starved during the summer of 1941 and
secondarily due to the considerable aircraft involved in suppressing Malta and
escorting convoys from Italy to Libya due from Maltese aircraft.
Hitler micromanaging the greatest generals of WWII. There are too many
examples to list, but the big ones are:
a. Firing Guderian for tactically retreating during late 1941.
b. Forbidding retreat from Stalingrad by Paulus, which either early or
during Manstein’s relief attempt, would have likely saved the 6th army.
Countless times Hitler forbade tactical retreat that would have
permitted the mobility of the German army to be exploited and instead let the
Soviet strength of mass assault be employed fully.
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